Post-WWII History Essay Example for Free

Post-WWII History Essay After World War II, the United States focused on putting an end to Communism. The economic climate of the immediate postwar years was conducive to the rise of the political left. The detrimental effects of depression and global war generated popular demands for widespread social, political and economic reforms. Furthermore, wartime controls made ordinary citizens believe that economic planning was the best way to restore economic growth and equity (Painter, 1999). The United States, however, underwent a shift to the right. Republican domination of both houses of Congress after the 1946 midterm elections led to the strengthening of conservative opposition to the New Deal. Despite this accomplishment, the Republicans were unable to contain the main achievements of the New Deal – unionization of heavy industry, Social Security, agricultural subsidies and civil rights militancy. Throughout Europe and in parts of the Third World, meanwhile, chaotic social, political and economic conditions resulted in the emergence of Communist parties and other leftist groups (Painter, 1999). The aforementioned developments prompted Washington to assume that a new foe was in its midst – Communism. McCarthyism: The Great American Red Scare The period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s was characterized with the rise of Communism in China and several nations in Eastern Europe. As a result, the US became fearful that it was losing the power struggle against the Soviet Union – a battle that was later known as the Cold War. This apprehension was exacerbated by suspicions that traitors within the American government were aiding the spread of Communism (Fitzgerald 2006). Such paranoia on the part of the US eventually resulted in the era of McCarthyism, a chapter in American history that was synonymous with state-sponsored Communist witch-hunts and anticommunist hysteria among the populace. Red Alert On the night of February 9, 1950, a senator from Wisconsin named Joseph McCarthy gave a Lincoln Day speech to the Republican Women’s Club of Wheeling, West Virginia. His speech on that particular evening, however, had absolutely nothing to do with Abraham Lincoln’s birthday. McCarthy’s address instead focused on the hostile relations between the US and the Soviet Union. He warned the audience that the Soviet Union intended to spread Communism throughout the US by sending spies to infiltrate the US government (Fitzgerald 2006). To prove this claim of his, McCarthy held up a piece of paper and reportedly stated: I have here in my hand a list of 205 (men) that were known to the secretary of state as being members of the Communist Party and who, nevertheless, are still working and shaping the policy of the State Department. (p. 10) This was a very grave allegation. The State Department is the government institution responsible for the establishment of foreign policy. The presence of Communists in such an important organization would therefore cripple the US in its fight against Communism worldwide. They would most likely work as spies, providing the Soviet Union with sensitive information about atomic weapons and US military and political strategy (Fitzgerald 2006).

Introduction to Fiction Final Paper :: English Literature Essays

Introduction to Fiction Final Paper Introduction: I will try to show that Fenstad's mother is going through a change during this story. At first she is described as a strong independent woman very active social in control of things. She is not accepting things as they are she tries to change the things that seem wrong to her. However, gradually we are starting to see her as an old woman who hates her age. A woman, who has a hard time excepting her age and all the downsides of it, a woman whose physical condition is parallel to her mental and emotional state, who needs help doing things which young people do without any effort. It seems that during the story Fenstad and his mother change places. Once he was dependent on her and now gradually we see that she is more and more dependent of her son. Fenstad's mother is gradually going through the process of accepting her age and the changes she is going trough consequently. It is difficult for her at first however eventually she stops being preoccupied with the past and what she once was. She comes to terms with her life and learns to appreciate and enjoy the little (simple) pleasures of life, like music. The name of this fiction story is Fenstad's Mother, the word mother is written with a capital letter which sometimes can mean a woman in charge of some community. This description is suitable for her character as it is described at the beginning of the story. Clara Fenstad's going to her son's class, meeting the people that took this class, listening to them and being loved and appreciated by them helps her through this period. One of this people influenced her very much and was responsible for one of the various changes she went through. The fact that Fenstad's mother learned to accept him as he made them closer and happier. Fenstad's Mother: At the beginning of the story Fenstad's mother is shown like a strong and active woman. She is very much involved in the things that happen around her. She is progressive and social. "Fenstad's mother was a life long social progressive" (p.115). She is not taking seriously her sons churchgoing, "was amused by her son's churchgoing. She had spent her life in the company of rebels and deviationists, and she recognized all their styles." (p.115). She is very logical and attentive, "She glanced down at his trousers, damped with melted snow. "You've been skating" "(p.116) she is aware of her son's habits, but not necessary approves of them. She sneers her son's behavior and looking for slips in it.

King of the castle tension

â€Å"I'm the King of the Castle†: Literature Coursework Investigate the ways in which Susan Hill uses language to create tension and a sense of foreboding in â€Å"I'm the King of the Castle† Susan Hill implements several writing techniques to create tension in the novel. Tension in this sense simply means mental strain or excitement in the readers. One of the techniques used is shown when she uses a third-person narration to narrate the story. This narrator is omniscient and implies that he/ she is not one of the characters in the novel, and yet at the same time knows everything that is running through the characters' minds.Hill uses this technique to bring the readers on a journey of moving freely in time and space to allow them to know what any character is doing or thinking at any one point of time. This is only possible because the narrator is not a character in the novel and is allowed to be anywhere, anytime. Susan Hill uses many different techniques to put a po int across, the most important being her use of imagery. However her writing also has many other qualities such as good structure and her ability to think like her characters.In addition she manages to build up tension and uses different ways of emphasising words or phrases. All of hese factors contribute to her unique evocative style and add to her reputation of being a very talented writer. In chapter eleven, she describes vividly how Kingshaw feels sick with fright when Hooper locks him in the shed. â€Å"He retched, and then began to vomit, all over the sacks, the sick coming down his nose and choking him. It tasted bitter. He bent forwards, holding his stomach. When it finished he wiped his mouth on the sleeve of his shirt.He was shivering again. † This passage is an example of her excellent use of imagery. She conjures up a picture of the scene as well as expressing Kingshaw's fears and senses in an evocative style y using a scene that we can all relate to and understan d. An example of Susan Hill's good structure is at the very beginning of the novel, when Hooper and Kingshaw first meet, Hooper sends Kingshaw a note saying ‘l didn't want you to come here'. This sets up the story line from the beginning, leading us to expect events to come.Then at the very end of the novel before Kingshaw commits suicide, Hopper sends him a final note saying ‘ Something will happen to you Kingshaw'. She shows the ability to be able to think like a child, which adds to the overall affect of the book because the main character is Kingshaw who is a child. This process of her thoughts gives us a wider understanding of Kingshaw's character and his One of them is her use of childish language and grammar. â€Å"Now, he thought, I know what Hooper is really like. He's a baby. And stupid. And a bully. Notice in this particular phrase that she uses childish words like baby, stupid and bully. The use of short abrupt sentences emphasise the words and adds to the c hildish theme, because it is grammatically incorrect to start a sentence with a conjunction, which is what a child may do). Another form of her childish thinking is how she shows an understanding of hildren's fears and their reactions. An example of this is Kingshaw's fear of moths. † ‘There are a lot of moths,' Hooper said softly, ‘ there always are, in woods. Pretty big ones, as well. ‘ Kingshaw's stomach clenched.In his nostrils, he could smell the mustiness of the Red Room. † This passage shows how Hooper taunts Kingshaw with his fear (childishly). She shows Kingshaw's reaction to his fear by saying his stomach clenched. She then continues with his memory of the Red Room, where he had been scared by the death moths, using her evocative style to describe how he associates moths with the musty mell of the Red Room. She uses the example of moths throughout the book, along with Kingshaw's other fears such as birds. To keep the reader alert Susan Hill te nded to change from one scene to another very abruptly.A Classic example is in chapter sixteen, when every one was in the Breakfast room on the day of Mrs. Helena Kingshaw and Mr. Hooper's wedding announcement. Suddenly the scene changes to them being in a muddy field. This can be quite confusing for the reader but it does keep them alert. It was also in this scene where Susan Hill showed her ability to build up tension. This was done by Kingshaw expressing his fears about something that we do not know about, and Mrs. Helena Kingshaw talking about how he was scared by this thing when he was little.As the passage continues the writer gives us a clue that the unknown fear is of a certain place and finally (after a page of writing) she tells us that the place in question is a circus. Susan Hill uses many different techniques to build up an atmosphere. In my opinion the most effective atmosphere that she created was in chapters twelve and thirteen, when Hooper falls off the castle wall. When Kingshaw reaches the top of the castle (without Hooper) he feels a sense of ower. He shouts out understand how Kingshaw really does feel King, she repeats the phrase ‘l am the King' thrice.He felt so powerful that he thought he could kill Hooper. When Kingshaw is in a rage with Hopper, telling him to come down, he swears at him, this shocks the reader, as he is only a child. When Hooper is falling off the castle wall Kingshaw commands ‘TAKE YOUR HANDS OFF THE WALL, HOOPER. ‘ The use of capital letter creates the effect that what he is saying is important. When Hooper falls and is carried off on a stretcher, thunder rumbles in the back ground which gives the ironic ffect that it is not going to be a good thing for Kingshaw.Kingshaw is then made to get down from the castle, which can be classed as an example of his life. Every time he reaches the top he is always forced to go back down which is, once again, ironic. The whole book gives an immense sense of tensi on to the reader. The atmosphere is one of suspense and danger. The overall use of abrupt, simple dialogue accentuates the feeling of incoming peril. Susan Hill writes the novel in a way which causes the reader to constantly be alert, and to expect the sinister and foreboding to occur. Arsalan Abdullah

System For Creating, Controlling And Processing a Medical Prescription - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1911 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Issue Prescription Scenario ID IPv1 Actors Health Practitioner, Prescription Database Triggering event Patient is diagnosed and in need of a prescription Assumptions Prescriptions are only issued through electronic transfer; Scenario is for one prescription Normal Course Health Practitioner starts System System initiates Health Practitioner chooses to create a prescription DO INCLUDES Create Prescription Health Practitioner choose to save the created prescription System stores the prescription in the Prescription Database Health Practitioner chooses to send the prescription DO INCLUDES Send prescription Health Practitioner chooses to exit the System. Create Prescription Scenario ID CPv1 Actors Health Practitioner, Patient Database, ADR Database Triggering event Health Practitioner chooses to create a prescription Assumptions Health Practitioner has a local database for patient details. Patients details must exist on database. Normal Course DO UNTIL patient details found 1.1 Health Practitioner enters patients full name 1.2 System searches Patient Database for patients details 1.2.1 IF System finds patient details then patients Full Name, Address, DOB and other details are automatically entered into a new prescription. END UNTIL 1.2.2 ELSE System prompts Health Practitioner to re-enter patients full name . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "System For Creating, Controlling And Processing a Medical Prescription" essay for you Create order FOR EACH medication to be prescribed 2.1 Health Practitioner enters medication name 2.2 System searches ADR Database for record of medication 2.2.1 IF ADR record is found then System reports ADR contraindications to Health Practitioner 2.3 Health Practitioner confirms medication to be added 2.4 System adds medication to the prescription 2.5 Health Practitioner writes the dosage and/or notes for the medication 2.6 System adds notes to the prescription END FOR Health Practitioner confirms prescription is completed Send Prescription Scenario ID SPv1 Actors Health Practitioner, Associate Pharmacy Database Triggering event Health Practitioner chooses to send a prescription Assumptions There is no pre-determined set of pharmacies to send the prescription to. Normal Course System displays associate pharmacies to chose Health Practitioner chooses pharmacies to send to System includes chosen pharmacies in destinations list Health Practitioner chooses send System sends prescription 5.1 IF successful then System confirms prescription was sent to all pharmacies 5.2 ELSE DO EXTEND Retry Send Retry Send Scenario ID RSv1 Actors Health Practitioner Triggering event System could not send to all pharmacies Assumptions Pharmacy systems are operational Normal Course DO UNTIL Health Practitioner decides otherwise or send is successful 1.1 System reports failure to send to all pharmacies, specifying particular pharmacies that have not been sent to 1.2 System prompts Health Practitioner to chose whether to try to resend now or chose a time duration to retry or not to try again 1.3 IF Health Practitioner chooses to try again now or later then System sends prescription at the chosen time 1.4.1 IF successful then System confirms prescription was sent to all pharmacies 1.4.2 ELSE Retry Send 1.4 ELSE END UNTIL Place Prescription Order Scenario ID PPOv1 Actors Patient, Patient Account Database, Prescription Database, Prescription Order Database, Billing System, Drug Delivery System Triggering event Patient decides to place an order for medication prescribed Assumptions Prescription has already been issued by Health Practitioner; Patient wants one prescription only Normal Course Patient starts System System initiates System requests patients account ID and password Patient enters account details System verifies account details with Patient Account Database Patient requests unordered prescriptions System shows unordered prescriptions Patient selects a prescription to order System sends prescription order to Billing System Patient chooses to set collection/delivery options System communicates with Drug Deliver System System sends Patient a receipt to print System stores new prescription order in the Prescription Order Database. System marks prescription as ordered in the Prescription Database. Process Prescription Order Scenario ID PRPOv1 Actors Pharmacist, Prescription Order Database, Supplies Management System, Prescription Database Triggering event Pharmacist decides to process a prescription order Assumptions Overall system is only accessible by Pharmacist and already verified; Prescription issue already verified when order was placed Normal Course Pharmacist requests new prescription orders System searches Prescription Order Database System shows new prescription orders Pharmacist chooses earliest new prescription order System shows prescription information for chosen order Pharmacist chooses to print prescription items DO INCLUDES Print Prescription Items Pharmacist obtains medication(s) and attaches printed label(s) Pharmacist marks prescription order as processed System sets order as processed in Prescription Order Database System informs Supplies Management System of medications allocated Print Prescription Items Scenario ID PPIv1 Actors Pharmacist, Printer Triggering event Pharmacist chooses to print prescription items Assumptions Printer is available and prepared to print; Printer handles both label and receipt Normal Course Pharmacist confirms print instruction FOR EACH medication 2.1 System sends label to printer END FOR System sends receipt to printer System confirms print instructions sent to printer Process ADR Report Scenario ID PADRRv1 Actors User Triggering event Patient decides to report an adverse reaction to a medication Assumptions Not all patients are able to use the System directly, in which case they report to their Health Practitioner who becomes the User; all network services are operation and other systems are active Normal Course User starts System System initiates User chooses to create an ADR Report DO INCLUDES Create ADR Report DO INCLUDES New ADR Report Alert Create ADR Report Scenario ID CADRRv1 Actors User, ADR Database Triggering event User chooses to create ADR Report Assumptions User creates one ADR Report per medication Normal Course User enters patient details User enters medication name, dosage and other usage information User enters description of adverse reaction(s) User confirms details are completed System sends details to ADR Database System confirms report completed successfully. New ADR Report Alert Scenario ID NADRRAv1 Actors Health Practitioner, Health Authority Triggering event System stores ADR details in ADR Database Assumptions Health Practitioner of patient has the highest priority to receive the ADR Report Normal Course System sends new ADR Report alert to associated Health Practitioner System shows Health Practitioner the report System sends new ADR Report alert to registered Health Authority System shows Health Authority the report Boundaries The system offers several independent user interface classes that need not be loaded from the same host as where their controller is loaded. There are user interface classes to issue, create and send a prescription, retry sending a prescription, place a prescription order online, process a prescription order in the pharmacy, print prescription items and to process and create an ADR report. There is a delivery interface for sending an ADR report alert to the patients Health Practitioner and one for sending to any Health Authority. The system collaborates with a number of distributed and localised databases that are accessible through corresponding interface classes. Distributed databases include the Prescription Database, ADR Database and Prescription Order Database. Localised databases include the Patient Database, Associate Pharmacy Database and Patient Account Database. The system offers communication with external systems for delivering drugs to patients through the Drug D elivery System Interface class, for managing the billing system through the Billing System Interface class and for managing supplies through the Supplies Management System Interface class. Controls The system includes a number of control and transactional classes, that process the external requests and inputs from actors, generate results and entities and makes responses and requests to the external actors. These control classes correspond to the observable flows described originally. Entities The system generates and uses certain of entity classes that correspond to the persistent health care system artefacts. These include Prescription, PrescriptionOrder and ADRReport. The artefacts of label for a medication and receipt for a prescription order do not persist in the system and are not made into entity classes. 3) Its possible to define a standard format for sending human legible data throughout the system for the exchange of Prescriptions and ADR Report Alerts, using XML documents containing attributes and data and are validated using a standard, agreed XML Schema at either end. To exchange system-to-system data, such as to communicate prescription order data to the Billing System, Drug Delivery System and medication allocations to the Supplies Management System, the more succinct and efficient EDI standard can be used, although it isnt very legible. 4) This system can be implemented using J2EE, with its default Web Server, and with JAXP and JAXM APIs used to develop components on an Application Server. MySQL or Orcale RDBMS can be used to manage the databases on a Database Server through JDBC APIs. JSP, Servlets and EJBs should be used to implement the boundaries, controls and entities of the system. The system should be networked with standard TCP/IP and HTTP protocols supported over which XML and EDI can encapsulate communications. 5) The system is designed with a J2EE 3-tier architecture using the Model-View-Controller paradigm. There is a tier of Presentation (View) components which are encapsulated from a layer of Business Logic (controller) components that are decoupled from a Data Access (model) layer. The presentation layer is packaged into J2EE Web Archive files (WAR) of JSP and Servlets for deployment and the Business Logic and Data Access layers are packaged into SessionEJBArchive (JAR) and EntityEJBArchive (JAR) files, respectively. The use of a tiered architecture partitions the system into highly manageable pac kages that can be independently modified without affecting other packages providing that the interface contract is retained. This provides great flexibility to, for example, change or add presentation components without having to interfere with code within the business logic layer. 6 a) The follow JSP pages are part of the web component deployment: IssuePrescription JSP, CreatePrescription JSP, SendPrescription JSP, RetrySend JS, PlacePrescriptionOrder JSP, Print PrescriptionItems JSP, Process ADRReport JSP and Create ADRReport JSP. b) There are a number of lightweight interface coordination processes that certain Session Bean or JSP components would otherwise undertake while interacting with each other, that instead are shifted to Servlets. The following Servlets are deployed within the web component: PatientDetailsFinder: to process the (re) entry of the patients full name from CreatePrescription JSP until the patient record is found. MedicationConfirmer: to pro cess the choice of medication entered to CreatePrescription JSP by searching for an ADR record and get confirmation. PrescriptionFiller: to collect and check patient details and medication details entered to CreatePrescription JSP. DestinationPharmaciesNegotiator: to request and receive the list of pharmacies to send to/from SendPrescription JSP. RetryDecider: to request and find out from RetrySend JSP whether to retry sending the prescription and at what time. NewOrderFinder: to receive the request to obtain unprocessed PrescriptionOrders from ProcessPrescriptionOrder JSP and find out which order to process. ADRReportDetailsCollector: to check all ADR report details are entered to CreateADRReport JSP. c) Stateless Session Beans deployed are as follows: RetryController: to resend prescription if and at the time given by the result forwarded RetryDecider. PrintItemsProcessor: to send print label and print receipt instructions to PrinterInterface. ADRReportPro cessor: handing over to CreateADRReport stateful session bean and send ADRReport to ADRReportAlerter. NewADRReporter: to send ADR report to HealthPractitionerInterface and any Health Authority interface. ADRReportCreator: to create ADR Report from entered details forwarded by ADRReportDetailsCollector. d) Stateful Session Beans across multiple client requests: IssuePrescriptionProcessor: this session bean retains the prescription state until the Health Practitioner requests to save it and send it. PrescriptionCreator: this session bean retains each medication to add to the prescription until the Health Practitioner confirms to add it. PrescriptionSender: this season bean retains the prescription until the Health Practitioner instructs to send it. PrescriptionOrderPlacer: this session bean retains the state of the prescription selected for order until it is marked as processed and retains the prescription order until it is sent to the database. PrescriptionOrder Processor: this session bean retains the prescription order state until it is marked as processed and the prescription until it used to communicate with the SuppliesManagementSystemInterface. e) Entity beans deployed are as follows: Prescription, PrescriptionOrder, ADRReport, Patient, PatientAccount and AssociatePharmacy.